解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::We investigated the onset of expression of the myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) mRNA and protein in the developing mouse central nervous system. In situ hybridization on brain sections at different stages of embryonic and postnatal development showed that MOG transcripts were first detected at birth in the me...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199609)18:1<39::AID-GLIA4>
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) were isolated from the pericellular (P), intracellular (I), and extracellular (E) compartments of astrocytes cultures from lateral (L) and medial (M) sectors of embryonic mouse midbrain; these sectors differ in their ability to support neurite growth (L, permissive, M, non-permissi...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199608)17:4<339::AID-GLIA8
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on their typical pattern of membrane currents, four populations of glial cells could be identified in thin brain slices of the postnatal hippocampus. In the present study, we applied the patch-clamp technique to glial cells in the hippocampal CA1 region, which are characterized by a complex pattern of different ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199607)17:3<181::AID-GLIA1
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacological and biochemical data suggest that noradrenaline (NA)-containing fibers not only regulate the activity of cortical neurons but also influence the functional state of non-neuronal elements. In the present study, immunocytochemistry with an antiserum against NA, followed by silver-gold intensification of ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199606)17:2<133::AID-GLIA5
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial growth factors are proteins encoded by the neuregulin gene and are thought to signal via receptor tyrosine kinases. Many neuregulin gene products bind heparin, and we hypothesize that affinity for heparin may implicate cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HeSPGs) as co-receptors for the soluble neuregulin...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199605)17:1<28::AID-GLIA3>
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms that regulate the amount of releasable Ca2+ in intracellular stores of cultured mouse astrocytes were investigated using digital imaging of fura-2 loaded cells. At rest, the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]cyt, was about 110 nM. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an inhibi...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199604)16:4<296::AID-GLIA2
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperpolarization-activated currents were recorded from rat brain cortical and spinal cord astrocytes maintained in culture. Spinal cord astrocytes expressed primarily an inward rectifier potassium current characterized by time-dependent inactivation, a strong dependence on extracellular Na+ and insensitivity to intra...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199603)16:3<196::AID-GLIA2
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injection of Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the whisker pad of rats yields a stable retrograde labeling of facial motoneurons. After removal of 10 mm from the facial nerve the microglia phagocytose the FG-prelabeled dead neurons and assume the label. A subsequent brightfield immunostaining of the sections with HRP-DAB as end-p...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199602)16:2<129::AID-GLIA5
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have analysed in detail the properties of oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cells derived from the spinal cords of adult rats to gain further insights into the mechanisms that control the generation of oligodendrocytes in the healthy and demyelinated adult central nervous systems (CNS). When O-2A p...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199601)16:1<16::AID-GLIA3>
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The creatine kinase isoenzymes play an important role in maintaining ATP levels in some cell types during times of high energy demand. We have previously shown in primary cell cultures from rat brain that glial cells express much higher levels of brain creatine kinase (CKB) mRNA than neurons. In a separate earlier stu...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440150410
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much of our present knowledge of glial cell function stems from studies of glioma cell lines, both rodent (C6, C6 polyploid, and TR33B) and human (1321N1, 138MG, D384, R-111, T67, Tp-276MG, Tp-301MG, Tp-483MG, Tp-387MG, U-118MG, U-251MG, U-373MG, U-787MG, U-1242MG, and UC-11MG). New methods such as patch clamp and Ca2...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.440150305
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse sciatic nerves from the degeneration-resistant strain C57BL/6/Wld (Ola) were surgically injected with lysolecithin to induce focal demyelination. Three days later they were transected adjacent to the spinal cord to eliminate contact of the axons with their cell bodies. The Na+ channel distribution was assessed b...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440150211
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of leech neuropile glial cells was investigated by use of iontophoretically injected fura-2. In neuropile glial cells, cholinergic agonists induced a marked increase in [Ca2+]i that was inhibited by d-tubocurarine...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440150106
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendrocytes were studied in the anterior medullary velum (AMV) of the rat using the monoclonal antibody Rip, an oligodendrocyte marker of unknown function. Confocal microscopic imaging of double immunofluorescent labelling with antibodies to Rip and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) revealed two biochemically and morp...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440140304
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of sodium channel alpha-subunit isoforms in astrocytes cultured from P-0 rat spinal cord and P-7 rat optic nerve was examined utilizing immunocytochemical methods with antibodies generated against conserved and isoform-specific amino acid sequences of the rat brain sodium channel. In spinal cord culture...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440140208
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroepithelial progenitor cells from forebrains of newborn rat pups develop into "mature" astrocytes in an epidermal growth factor-containing medium free of serum (Von Visger et al: Exp Neurol 128:34, 1994). Eight-week-old "mature" astrocyte cultures on poly-L-lysine-coated dishes were exposed to an acidic medium (pH...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440130408
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), can be distinguished from most other cells of the myelomonocytic lineage by a distinct pattern of membrane currents. In the accompanying paper we have shown that the characteristic morphological feature of microglia, ramification, develops both i...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440120403
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) represents a family of related peptides originally isolated from cardiac atria that have potent natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant properties. ANP has previously been localized in neurons of the rat brain in regions subserving cardiovascular functions and fluid/electrolyte balance...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440120308
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a novel method of isolating and culturing murine colonic mucosal glial cells. Two morphologies are appreciated, a small flat bi or tri polar cell and a larger multipolar cell. The glial cultures have been freed of contaminating fibroblasts and epithelial cells and have been passaged by trypsinization...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440120204
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have tested the stimulation of Schwann cell migration from the distal stump of a 1 week transected sciatic nerve of adult rats by denervated skeletal muscle. Migrating Schwann cells were distinguished by the presence of non-specific cholinesterase (nChE) activity and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at a dist...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440120203
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single dose of trimethyltin chloride (TMT). Three days following treatment, a neuronal alteration was observed in the CA3c pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus which was not accompanied by any apparent astrocyte reaction. At 1 as well as 2 weeks after treatment, a gliosis in hippo...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440110410
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have employed amoeboid microglia purified from primary cultures of neonatal rat brain to examine the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent activator of immune cells, on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in brain macrophages. In single brain macrophages loaded with indo 1, pulse administ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440110406
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uptake of radiolabelled L-arginine was studied in four different kinds of glial cultures, in astroglia-rich primary cultures derived from neonatal rat and mouse brains, in pure murine astrocyte cultures, and in rat glioma cells C6-BU-1. A saturable component of uptake was found in all cases with KM values between 15 a...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440110307
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial cells in vitro express at least two types (H1 and H2) of histamine receptors and three types (EP, FP, and TP) of prostanoid receptors. The receptors expressed by glial cells differ according to the cell type and source in the brain. Furthermore primary astrocytes of same type derived from the same brain region a...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.440110205
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::GABA receptors are distributed widely throughout the central nervous system on a variety of cell types. It has become increasingly clear that astrocytes, both in cell culture and tissue slices, express abundant GABAA receptors. In astrocytes, GABA activates Cl(-)-specific channels that are modulated by barbiturates an...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.440110203
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glial cells that ensheath olfactory axons are referred to as ensheathing cells. In vivo, these non-myelinating glial cells express a mixture of astrocyte-specific and Schwann cell-specific phenotypic features with the former cellular phenotype predominating, but in vitro can assemble a myelin sheath when co-cultur...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440100408
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within the last few years, the expression of voltage-dependent, TTX-sensitive Na+ channels has been demonstrated in several types of neuroglial cells such as astrocytes and Schwann cells. Recently, we reported the occurrence of such Na+ currents in retinal Müller (glial) cells from dog and cat. This paper deals with t...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440100304
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human brain macrophages (microglia) have been isolated from mixed brain cell cultures initiated from explants of neurosurgical adult human tissue in one step according to a method developed for rat microglia. Cells were characterized enzyme-histochemically (NDPase) in mixed and immunocytochemically (anti-CD 14) in mix...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440100303
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injury to the adult brain results in the formation of a glial scar that involves both activated astroglia and microglia/macrophages. Although reactive gliosis has been linked to failure of axonal regeneration in the adult mammalian CNS, the spatio-temporal pattern of the postlesion responses in morphology and distribu...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440100203
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The poor regenerative ability of neurons of the central nervous system in mammals, as compared with their counterpart in fish or amphibians, is thought to stem from differences in their immediate nonneuronal environment and its response to axonal injury. We describe one aspect of the environmental response to axonal i...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440100104
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible consequences of activating bradykinin (Bk) receptors on identified astrocyte subtypes derived from rat cortex have been investigated in terms of: 1) mobilization of intracellular Ca2+; and 2) electrophysiological response. Bk induced a rapid, transient rise in intracellular Ca2+ in 63% of cortical type-1-...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440090405
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammalian brain peripheral benzodiazepine (PBZD) receptors are predominantly localized on astroglial cells. Previous studies utilizing whole membrane preparations from brain and peripheral organs of various species have indicated several distinctions between the drug-receptor interactions of the two prototypic PBZD...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440090306
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is known to interact with cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report that, interestingly, it is a potent inductor of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the CNS of infected animals and in pure cultures of astrocytes. Maximal IL-6 gene transcription in glial cells, as ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440090106
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To develop effective procedures for improving the regeneration of peripheral nerves and for preventing the formation of neurofibromas, it is necessary to identify the different mitogens that stimulate the proliferation of Schwann cells. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), which is a potent autocrine growth factor in...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440080403
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene regulation in cells of the CNS have been studied in vitro. Astrocytes in primary cultures, but neither oligodendrocytes nor neurons, constitutively expressed cell surface MHC class I molecules. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment led to induction of ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440080307
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenotype of a fully differentiated, mature Schwann cell is apparently largely determined by Schwann cell-axon interactions. In vitro, elevation of intracellular cAMP levels in Schwann cells induces a phenotype which resembles that of a mature, i.e., axon-related, Schwann cell. Therefore, an important role for cAM...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440080308
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Segments from adult fish and rat retinae were explanted on myelin-marker expressing oligodendrocytes derived from the regenerating goldfish optic nerve. Fish axons grew in high density and even rat retinal axons regenerated to considerable length on the surface of the fish oligodendrocytes, suggesting that this type o...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440080102
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study describes a method to inhibit selectively the microglial cell proliferation following peripheral nerve injury. Continuous infusion of cytosine-arabinoside (ARA-C) from an osmotic minipump to the fourth ventricle or cisterna magna completely blocks the proliferation of microglial cells that normally o...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440070404
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::ATP stimulates arachidonic acid mobilization and eicosanoid production in cultured astrocytes via P2Y-purinergic receptors. To assist in determining the mechanism of phospholipase A2 activation and the role of calcium in eicosanoid production, cultures were pretreated with pertussis toxin (PTx). ATP-evoked eicosanoid ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440070305
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have compared the effects of platelet-derived (PDGF) and basic fibroblast (bFGF) growth factors on the shape, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, the precursors of myelin-forming cells in the CNS. In the presence of bFGF, oligodendrocyte progenitors purified from rat neonatal brain c...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440070308
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00